1. Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic, starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
The first event I looked at is the building of the Berlin Wall. I used images from 1960s Berlin to show the reality and fear they faced after the wall was built.
For the background of this page I used ripped up newspaper and built up a thick layer, then sponging over it with black watercolour to create an old and dreary effect. I then used black card to create a boarder around the photographs to make them appear more bold before collaging them onto the page.
I like the look of this page and wouldn't change anything about it of I got the chance to redo it.
2.Vietnam War.
The Vietnam War was a war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The war is therefore considered a Cold War-era proxy war.
I also looked at the Vietnam War as this was a huge event that took place in the 1960s. As Vietnam is a very green country, I used different shades of green gauche paint and using card, drew each colour around the page. I then used photographs I found online of the war and collaged these onto the page. I also found a picture of a protest board 'War, What is it good for?', recreating it using gauche and also collaging that onto the page. I like this page as I feel is shows an insight onto what the war was like using photography to do so, however, I would have preferred to have used smaller images as I don't like that they over lap as I feel it looks slightly messy.
3. JFK Assassination.
John F. Kennedy, was assassinated on Friday November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza. Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964 concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Kennedy's death marked the fourth and most recent assassination of an American President.
The third event I looked at was the John. F. Kennedy assassination in 1963. Again this was a huge event at the time, therefore I chose to look at it. For this page I used photographs of the event and following it showing the impact it had. I bordered each photograph with white card and collaged them onto a black background to make them bolder and stand out. I don't particularly like this page as I feel it looks very boring and simple, instead I could have drawn onto the page to make it look more engaging.
4. Malcolm X Assassination.
Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. He is credited with raising the self-esteem of black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage. He is largely responsible for the spread of Islam in the black community in the United States. Many African Americans, especially those who lived in cities in the Northern and Western United States, felt that Malcolm X articulated their complaints concerning inequality better than did the mainstream civil rights movement. In the late 1960s, increasingly radical black activists based their movements largely on Malcolm X and his teachings. The Black Power movement,the Black Arts Movement, and the widespread adoption of the slogan "Black is beautiful" can all trace their roots to Malcolm X.
On February 19, 1965, Malcolm X told interviewer Gordon Parks that the Nation of Islam was actively trying to kill him. On February 21, 1965, he was preparing to address the Organisation of Afro-American Unity in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom when someone in the 400-person audience yelled, "Nigger! Get your hand outta my pocket!" As Malcolm X and his bodyguards tried to quell the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot him once in the chest with a sawed-off shotgun and two other men charged the stage firing semi-automatic handguns. Malcolm X was pronounced dead at 3:30 pm, shortly after arriving at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. The autopsy identified 21 gunshot wounds to the chest, left shoulder, arms and legs, including ten buckshot wounds from the initial shotgun blast.
For this page on Malcolm X's assassination, I printed out photographs of him moments after the shooting along with newspaper articles following his death. I chose to look at Malcolm X's assassination as he was someone who stood up for himself and others, voicing his opinion whether or not it caused conflict. Malcolm X was a hugely influential man empowering black rights and his religion. I chose to stick these images down over a black background as I wanted to keep the page fairly simple in order to not overpower the seriousness of the event that happened in 1963. This strategy goes for all of the events I have researched for this project. I like this page as I feel it looks neat and professional, I would have liked to have added a white boarder around the images, however, I printed the pictures slightly too big making the page look cluttered it I then added a boarder to them.
5. Mods and Rockers War.
The Mods and Rockers were two conflicting British youth subcultures of the early/mid 1960s to early 1970s. Media coverage of Mods and Rockers fighting in 1964 sparked a moral panic about British youth, and the two groups became labelled as folk devils.
As I am looking at beaches, I chose to look at the Mods and Rockers War as it took place on Brighton's beach in 1964. As the fight was largely publicised in newspapers I chose to collage a background using newspaper. I then sponged on black water colour to give it a more old and tattered look. Then using photographs I found of the event online, I collaged onto the middle of the page. I'm not a fan of this page as I feel it looks too rushed, it also shows little images on the actual event, instead focusing on the Mods and Rockers as separate groups. If could redo this page I would use more photographs and newspaper clippings of the actual event and maybe layout the photographs in a different way.
6. Summer of Love.
The summer of Love was a social phenomenon that occurred during the summer of 1967, where hundreds of thousands of people, mostly young adults sporting the hippie/bohemian fashion, gathered in Haight-Ashbury, San Fransisco. Gatherings took place all over the US and Europe, however San Francisco was the most publicised. Also known as Flower Children, many Hippies were suspicious of the government, rejected consumerist values and opposed the Vietnam War.
The Summer of Love took place after thirty-eight arrests were made during a concert in Tomkins Square Park, when police asked if the volume could be reduced and members of the crowd began throwing various objects. After, young people from all over the world flocked to San Francisco to join in a popularised version of Hippieism.
I chose to look at the Summer of Love as I found the topic very interesting along with their views on the government and war. I believed this was very important to research as I am looking closely into that area in my project for my projections. I also feel that Hippies and Hippie fashion was a huge part of the 1960s and I would not be researching this area throughly if I did not look into it. I love the colours and styles that went with the Hippie fashion and 'Flower Power', however I do not think it will influence my model that much as I have already chosen my colour theme and this topic does not fit well into it. I also could not find any old news reel or decent videos of this event, therefore it will also not feature in my projection video.
For this page I found images of old posters and photographs from the event and printed/photocopied them to use to collage onto this page. I then used images from posters to draw onto the page, using gauche paint to paint them in bright, vibrant colours. Flower illustrations were also drawn to represent flower Power. To make the page colourful like Hippie fashion I used yellow gauche paint to paint in the background. I feel this page is successful as I believe it clearly demonstrates the 1967 Summer of Love, however, if I had the chance to redo it I would draw more into the page and use less photographs to collage.
7. Cuban Missile Crisis.
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.
In response to the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, and the presence of American Jupiter ballistic missiles in Italy and Turkey, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev decided to agree to Cuba's request to place nuclear missiles on the island to deter future invasions. An agreement was reached during a secret meeting between Khrushchev and Fidel Castro in July 1962 and construction of a number of missile launch facilities started later that summer.
The United States established a military blockade to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba. It announced that they would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the weapons already in Cuba be dismantled and returned to the USSR.
After a long period of tense negotiations, an agreement was reached between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Khrushchev. Publicly, the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union, subject to United Nations verification, in exchange for a U.S. public declaration and agreement never to invade Cuba again without direct provocation.
The final event I chose to look at was the Cuban Missile Crisis, again as this was a big event to take place in the 1960s, being publicised globally. For this page I used old newspaper to collage a background, then using watercolour to sponge over to create an old feel to it. I then used photographs of emergency drills, protests and newspaper articles of the crisis and collaged them onto the page. I feel this page portrays the event well however, I feel I could have done it in a more creative way than I did.
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